Hypothesis Testing Fundamentals
This worksheet introduces Grade 10 students to the fundamental concepts of hypothesis testing, including null and alternative hypotheses, types of errors, and interpreting p-values.
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Hypothesis Testing Fundamentals
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Read each question carefully and provide your best answer. Show all your work for short-answer questions.
1. Which of the following statements best describes a null hypothesis (H₀)?
A statement of no effect or no difference.
A statement that there is a significant effect or difference.
The hypothesis the researcher wants to prove.
The probability of observing the data given the null hypothesis is true.
2. What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?
Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
Rejecting a true null hypothesis.
Failing to reject a true null hypothesis.
Rejecting a false alternative hypothesis.
3. The hypothesis (H₁) is the statement that there is an effect or a difference.
4. A p-value less than the significance level (α) leads to the null hypothesis.
5. A small p-value (e.g., p < 0.05) provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis.
True
False
6. Increasing the sample size always reduces the probability of committing a Type II error.
True
False
7. A company claims that its new light bulbs last, on average, 1000 hours. A consumer group believes the average lifespan is less than 1000 hours. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for this scenario.
8. Explain the concept of a p-value in your own words and how it helps in making a decision about the null hypothesis.