Polarity in Chemistry
Explore molecular polarity, bond polarity, and their impact on physical and chemical properties of substances at a Grade 10 level.
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Polarity in Chemistry
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Read each question carefully and answer to the best of your ability. Show all your work for calculations.
1. Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?
Electrons are shared equally between two atoms.
Electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
Electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.
Atoms are held together by electrostatic attraction between ions.
2. Which of the following molecules would be considered nonpolar?
H₂O
CO₂
NH₃
HCl
1. A molecule with polar bonds is always a polar molecule.
True
False
2. London Dispersion Forces are the strongest type of intermolecular force.
True
False
1. The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond is called .
2. In a polar molecule, there is an uneven distribution of electron density, creating partial positive and partial negative .
3. The principle that 'like dissolves like' is based on the of substances.
1. Explain why water (H₂O) is a polar molecule, even though it has polar covalent bonds.
2. Describe how the difference in electronegativity between two atoms determines the polarity of a bond.
Match each term on the left with its correct definition on the right.
1. Dipole moment
a. Force of attraction between polar molecules
2. Hydrogen bonding
b. A quantitative measure of the polarity of a molecule
3. Nonpolar molecule
c. A special type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen
4. Dipole-dipole forces
d. A molecule with no net dipole moment due to symmetrical bond dipoles
Observe the image below, which illustrates a concept related to molecular polarity.
Based on your understanding of polarity and the visual information provided, explain one key difference between the properties of polar and nonpolar molecules.