Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Explore the fundamental processes of gene expression: DNA replication, transcription, and translation, essential for Grade 12 Biology students.
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Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
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Read each question carefully and answer to the best of your ability. Show all work where applicable.
1. Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is translated into RNA, which is then transcribed into protein.
RNA is replicated into DNA, which is then translated into protein.
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.
Protein is transcribed into RNA, which is then replicated into DNA.
2. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizes a strand of RNA using a DNA template. Which direction does RNA polymerase move along the DNA template strand?
3' to 5'
5' to 3'
Both 3' to 5' and 5' to 3'
Randomly
3. The process of converting the genetic information from mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein is called .
4. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the , while translation occurs in the .
5. The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid is known as a .
6. Reverse transcription is a process where genetic information flows from RNA to DNA.
True
False
7. All genes in a cell are expressed at the same time and at the same rate.
True
False
8. Describe the role of tRNA in the process of translation.
9. Label the following diagram of DNA replication:
Use the words below to complete the sentences.
10. In translation, the on the tRNA molecule pairs with the on the mRNA molecule.
11. Proteins are synthesized at the , a complex molecular machine found in the of the cell.