The Human Kidney: Structure and Function
Anatomy and physiology of the human kidney, including nephron function, urine formation, and regulatory roles.
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The Human Kidney: Structure and Function
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Read each question carefully and answer to the best of your ability. Refer to the provided diagram where necessary.
1. Study the diagram of the human kidney cross-section below. Label the indicated parts:
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. Which of the following is the primary functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?
Renal artery
Nephron
Ureter
Renal pelvis
3. The process by which substances are moved from the blood back into the filtrate in the renal tubules is called:
Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Tubular reabsorption
Micturition
4. The outer region of the kidney is called the , while the inner region is known as the .
5. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the of water in the collecting ducts, leading to more concentrated urine.
6. The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.
True
False
7. The afferent arteriole is narrower than the efferent arteriole, contributing to the high pressure in the glomerulus.
True
False
8. Describe the three main processes involved in urine formation within the nephron.
9. Explain the role of the loop of Henle in maintaining the medullary osmotic gradient.
Match each term with its correct description.
10. Aldosterone
a. Hormone that increases water reabsorption
11. Renin
b. Enzyme that initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
12. Urethra
c. Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
13. Glomerulus
d. Capillary network where filtration occurs