Intake and Output in the Human Body
A Grade 12 science worksheet covering the principles of intake and output, fluid balance, and the role of the renal system in maintaining homeostasis.
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Intake and Output in the Human Body
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Read each question carefully and answer to the best of your ability. Show all your work for calculations.
1. Which of the following is the primary organ responsible for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body?
Liver
Kidney
Pancreas
Spleen
2. Insensible fluid loss primarily occurs through which two mechanisms?
Urination and defecation
Sweating and vomiting
Respiration and perspiration
Salivation and lacrimation
3. The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys, leading to a urine output.
4. Fluid intake includes oral fluids, solid foods, and water produced by metabolism.
5. A positive fluid balance indicates that fluid intake is less than fluid output.
True
False
6. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
True
False
7. Explain the concept of fluid balance in the human body and why it is essential for survival.
8. Describe the role of the nephron in the process of urine formation and its contribution to maintaining intake and output balance.
Match the term with its correct definition.
9. Osmosis
a. Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
10. Dehydration
b. Excessive loss of body fluids
11. Edema
c. Swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation