Causation and Correlation Worksheet
Explore the difference between causation and correlation with this Grade 9 math worksheet, featuring various question types and real-world examples.
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Causation and Correlation
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Read each question carefully and provide your best answer. This worksheet will test your understanding of causation and correlation.
1. Which of the following best describes a causal relationship?
Two variables move in the same direction.
One variable directly influences another.
Two variables are statistically associated.
A third variable explains the relationship.
2. Which scenario most likely represents a correlation, but not causation?
Increased exercise leads to weight loss.
Higher temperatures result in more ice cream sales.
Studying for an exam improves test scores.
Smoking cigarettes causes lung cancer.
1. Correlation always implies causation.
True
False
2. A confounding variable can make two unrelated variables appear correlated.
True
False
1. When one event directly causes another event, it is called .
2. A statistical relationship between two variables that does not imply cause and effect is called .
3. To establish causation, one must typically conduct a controlled .
1. Provide an example of two variables that are correlated but do not have a causal relationship. Explain your reasoning.
2. Describe the key difference between causation and correlation.
Match the term on the left with its definition on the right.
1. Causation
a. A variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables, creating a spurious correlation.
2. Correlation
b. A relationship where a change in one variable directly leads to a change in another.
3. Confounding Variable
c. A statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables are associated.